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Chesterman, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals (1979)
General History, History of Technology
James and Thorpe, Ancient Inventions: Wonders of the Past (1994).
Teresi, Lost Discoveries (2002)
"A Brief History of New Sweden in America"
http://www.colonialswedes.org/History/History.html
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"Cast Iron Pipe through the Ages,"
http://www.acipco.com/international/ductileiron/history.cfm
Gies, Cathedral, Forge and Waterwheel: Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages (1994).
Clarkson, "History of Alsace and Lorraine"
http://feefhs.org/frl/fr/sc-alhis.html
*Kurlansky, Salt: A World History (2002)
"Animal Treadmills on the Farm"
http://www.americanartifacts.com/smma/power/tread.htm
Vogel, "A Short History of Animal-Powered Machines: What Goes Around Comes Around, and Does
Useful Work"Natural History (March 2002)
Miscellaneous
Chemlink,Benzene http://www.chemlink.com.au/benzene.htm
*West Virginia Library Catalog gateway (includes Mannington Public Library)
http://clarkbrg.clark.lib.wv.us/vtls03/english/
History of Mining in Cape Breton
http://collections.ic.gc.ca/coal/impact/coaluse.html
Coal Tar MSDS
http://www.intlsteel.com/PDFs/coaltar.pdf.
USE Map
http://www.biel.ca/gville/smeurope1632.jpg
*Encyclopedia Americana
*1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
*current Encyclopedia Britannica
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Contents
How To Keep Your Old John Deere Plowing:
Diesel Fuel Alternatives For Grantville 1631-1639
by Allen W. McDonnell
The Ring of Fire has left many of the farms around Grantville scrambling to train enough horses for the
fall harvest. About half of the tractors that came through the Ring Of Fire were designed to burn gasoline
and with the help of the agriculture department they will be converted to use pressurized natural gas in its
place in 1631. Grantville has an abundance of natural gas; therefore, this conversion will put half of the
modern equipment back into service for the first year. The tractors that are the topic of this article are
farm size tractors, not the smaller lawn tractors people with large yards like to use for mowing their grass.
The small lawn tractors are mostly gasoline, powered but with conversion to run on natural gas they will
come in handy for a lot of other jobs outside the farming industry. Examples of those alternate uses
include the drawing of wagons and carriages designed for horses or serving as stationary PTO sources to
operate machinery where electricity is not easily available.
With the exception of the old steam tractor, which was being rebuilt for the county fair, the rest of the
tractors that came through the Ring of Fire are diesel engined machines. These diesel machines are sturdy
beasts of burden; some of them are 30 years old and still running well. Several of the farms have their
own diesel fuel storage tanks and can keep their equipment in the field with a little extra effort. In addition
to petroleum diesel in these farm grade tanks, some isolated farms and homes outside of town use heating
oil #2 in oil furnaces. Heating oil #2 is almost identical to farm grade diesel fuel #2 and burns quite well in
diesel engines.
The question of how to keep these diesel tractors and the modern diesel trucks and cars also in the area
fueled is the central focus of this article. Four different fuel alternatives and one fuel additive are explored.
First is the petroleum diesel that came through the Ring of Fire and additives to it, including propane.
Direct use of biologically derived oil is a second method, and the easiest short-term solution. Third, for
the long run beginning in late 1634 the most likely method will be to burn crude diesel refined from
petroleum sources. This crude diesel is easy to make once petroleum is available. Until that time,
however, it would be a waste to let the diesel engines in Grantville sit idle. Finally, there is bio-diesel,
which is a form of diesel fuel made from biologically derived oil.
Two methods are available to extend the petroleum derived diesel in up-time tanks. The first method is
mixing. Any diesel engine, modern or archaic, will function quite well on a mix of 75% petroleum refined
diesel and 25% light vegetable oil. Of course, this presumes the availability of cheap vegetable oil, which
may be problematic in seventeenth-century Germany. The second alternative, if a competent mechanic is
available, is to add propane injection to the diesel engine. Propane injection, also known as fumigation,
will give an increase in diesel combustion efficiency. The propane acts as a combustion catalyst during the
power stroke of the cylinder. If you are not a good mechanic let an expert do the conversion, otherwise
you may get the propane amount too high and cause severe engine damage. When a turbo-charged
diesel engine is properly fumigated with propane it will get a boost in torque and fuel economy resulting
from the more complete combustion of the liquid fuel. Typical tractor engines are not turbo-charged and
will only receive a small boost in efficiency from propane fumigation; many diesel farm trucks and pick-up
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trucks on the other hand are turbo-charged and would greatly benefit. No information is available on [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]